Lesson 1
Start with the person’s usual pattern
On every shift you decide whether what you see is new for this person. "Normal" is different for each person, so you compare with this person’s usual pattern. This lesson prepares the first step of every handoff: a plain description of what changed, with no guess about why.
- Know the plan and this person’s usual pattern
- Say what changed, not what you think caused it
- Say when it began and if it is getting worse
- Give a number only if you measured it
- Report a sudden change, even with a known condition
Lesson: alwbeta.com/training/courses/change-in-condition-and-closed-loop-handoff#lesson-baseline
Lesson 2
Use the plan and the procedure to set urgency
When you see a change, you decide how fast to raise it. You do not decide that alone: the person’s plan and your site’s procedure set the path. This lesson shows how to follow that path, and why a handoff tool never comes before emergency action.
- Emergency: start the site’s emergency process; call 911 when it applies
- Urgent or routine: follow the plan and the current procedure
- If the procedure says call now, call now
- No answer: use the approved backup
- Write down whom you tried and whom you reached
Lesson: alwbeta.com/training/courses/change-in-condition-and-closed-loop-handoff#lesson-urgency
Lesson 3
Build a handoff the listener can act on
When you hand off a change, you decide what to say and what to leave out. The listener needs the concern, the context that matters and a clear request. They do not need the whole history of the day. SBAR gives you an order to follow.
- Situation: what changed, and is the person safe?
- Background: what does the listener need to know?
- Assessment: what did you see, hear or measure, and why does it worry you?
- Request: what do you need, and by when?
- Direction: write their words and read the key details back
Lesson: alwbeta.com/training/courses/change-in-condition-and-closed-loop-handoff#lesson-structured-handoff
Lesson 4
Confirm that the message arrived
A message that was sent is not the same as a message that was understood and owned. Before you move on, you decide whether the loop is closed: someone got the message, someone owns the next step, and there is a time to review it.
- Sent is not received: confirm it arrived
- Ask the listener to repeat the key details
- Write the next action, its owner and the review time
- Silence, refusal or conflict: go up the approved chain
- At shift change, name what is still open
Lesson: alwbeta.com/training/courses/change-in-condition-and-closed-loop-handoff#lesson-check-back
Lesson 5
Write the note the next person will continue from
When you write the note, you decide what the next person will know. A good note lets them act without guessing which part was observation, which was instruction and which is still unfinished.
- Time, change and usual pattern
- What you did and whom you told
- Your observation, their words and the nurse’s direction, kept apart
- Failed contacts and the backup you used
- Next check: what, who and when
- Fix errors openly; never backdate or erase
Lesson: alwbeta.com/training/courses/change-in-condition-and-closed-loop-handoff#lesson-document-and-follow